Publication:
Changes in epidemiology and clinical practice in IgE-mediated Allergy in children

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2021-06-26

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Escarrer-Jaume, Mercedes
Juliá-Benito, Juan Carlos
Quevedo-Teruel, Sergio
Del Prado, Ana Prieto
Sandoval-Ruballos, Mónica
Quesada-Sequeira, Fabriella
Álvaro-Lozano, Montserrat

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Elsevier
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En las últimas décadas, las enfermedades alérgicas han aumentado de forma exponencial y aunque parece que la prevalencia del asma en pediatría se está estabilizando, en España se estima en torno al 10%, no ocurre lo mismo con la alergia alimentaria y la anafilaxia que están en claro incremento, constituyendo un problema de salud pública de primera magnitud. Considerando las tendencias epidemiológicas, las predicciones de la Academia Europa de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica (EAACI) estiman que en menos de 15 años más de la mitad de la población europea padecerá algún tipo de alergia. Los avances en los métodos diagnósticos en alergia alimentaria, sobre todo el diagnóstico molecular, nos permiten conocer el perfil de sensibilización y explicar el fenómeno de la reactividad cruzada, prever el potencial riesgo de las transgresiones alimentarias, e indicar adecuadamente la dieta de evitación en estos pacientes. Así, el desarrollo de la biología molecular y la nanotecnología han llevado a la aparición de nuevas tecnologías (microarrays) que facilitan el estudio, sobre todo de los pacientes polisensibilizados, permitiendo una inmunoterapia específica a alérgenos (ITA) más personalizada. Los últimos avances en tratamientos con biológicos implican un impacto, no solo en la evolución de la enfermedad, sino también en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
In the last decades, allergic diseases have increased exponentially and although pediatric asthma prevalence is stabilizing, it is estimated around 10% in Spain. Not the same with food allergy and anaphylaxis which are clearly increasing, becoming a significant public health problem. Taking into account epidemiological trends, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) estimates that in less than 15 years more than half of the European population will suffer from some type of allergic disorder. The advances in diagnostic methods in food allergy, especially component resolved diagnosis, allow us to know the patient's sensitization profile and explain possible cross reactivity, anticipate potential risk of food trangressions, and prescribe correct avoidance diet in each patient. Thus, the development of molecular biology and nanotechnology have led to the appearance of new technologies (microarrays) which facilitate the study, specially of the polysensitized patients, allowing allergen immunotherapy (AIT) to be more personalized. The latest advances in the use of biologics are having an impact, not only in disease evolution, but also in quality of life.

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Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Antigens::Allergens
Medical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Child
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Biological Therapy::Immunomodulation::Immunotherapy::Immunosuppression::Desensitization, Immunologic
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Globulins::Serum Globulins::Immunoglobulins::Antibodies::Immunoglobulin Isotypes::Immunoglobulin E
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Hypersensitivity::Hypersensitivity, Immediate::Food Hypersensitivity
Medical Subject Headings::Humanities::Humanities::Philosophy::Life::Quality of Life

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Keywords

Pediatric, Changes, Allergy, Epidemiology, Allergen, Diagnosis, Immunotherapy, Biologics, Pediátrica, Cambios, Alergia, Epidemiología, Alérgeno, Diagnóstico, Inmunoterapia, Biológicos

Citation

Escarrer-Jaume M, Juliá-Benito JC, Quevedo-Teruel S, Del Prado AP, Sandoval-Ruballos M, Quesada-Sequeira F, et al. Changes in epidemiology and clinical practice in IgE-mediated Allergy in children. An Pediatr. 2021 Jul;95(1):56.e1-56.e8