Publication:
Características de los ingresos hospitalarios de las personas sin hogar en Sevilla.

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2016-02-10

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Tornero Patricio, Sebastián
Fernández Ajuria, Alberto
Charris Castro, Liliana

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Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo
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Abstract

Fundamentos: Las personas sin hogar presentan una mayor morbimortalidad que las que sí lo tienen. Este hecho no ha sido investigado suficientemente en España desde la perspectiva de la atención hospitalaria. El objetivo fue conocer las características de las hospitalizaciones de las personas sin hogar en dos hospitales de Sevilla. Métodos: Estudio observacional de 103.802 hospitalizaciones correspondientes a 71.756 personas ingresadas en los Hospitales Virgen del Rocío y Macarena (2013 y 2014) analizadas en función de si las personas ingresadas tenían o no hogar. Se realizó análisis bivariante mediante χ2 y t-Student y análisis multivariante con modelos de regresión logística binomial. Resultados: 163 (0,16%) de las hospitalizaciones correspondieron a personas sin hogar y 103.639 (99,84%) a personas con hogar. La edad media de ingreso de las personas sin hogar fue de 48 años, siendo el 76,5% hombres. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria se produjo a una edad media de 23 años menor que la de las personas con hogar (p=0,009). El 92% de sus ingresos fueron urgentes (p<0,001) y el 10,0% tuvieron altas voluntarias/ fugas (p<0,001). La estancia media en las personas sin hogar fue 4,8 días mayor (p=0,001) y sus principales motivos de ingreso fueron enfermedades mentales (27,0%), infecciosas (19,6%) y respiratorias (18,4%). El 83,7% de estas personas presentaron enfermedad mental como comorbilidad y el 77,6% consumía alguna droga, alcohol o tabaco. Conclusiones: Las características de las hospitalizaciones de las personas sin hogar que ingresan en los dos hospitales con mayor actividad asistencial de Sevilla son distintas a las de las personas con hogar. Las personas sin hogar ingresan y fallecen a menor edad. Tanto su patrón de morbilidad como las características de sus hospitalizaciones reflejan su estado vulnerable de salud. Palabras clave: Personas sin hogar. Ingresos hospitalarios. Mortalidad. Morbilidad. Alta hospitalaria. Estancia hospitalaria. Consumo de bebidas alcohólicas. Uso de tabaco. Psicotrópicos. Infección. Tuberculosis. VIH. España
Background: It is well known from studies in different countries that homeless persons have a higher morbidity and mortality. This fact has not been sufficiently investigated in Spain from the perspective of hospital care. The aim was to determine the characteristics of hospital admissions of homeless persons in Seville. Methods: Observational study of 103,802 hospital admissions of 71,756 patients admitted in the Hospitals “Virgen del Rocío” and “Virgen Macarena” (Seville), in 2013 and 2014. Bivariate analysis were performed using χ2 and t-Student tests and multivariate analysis using binomial logistic regression model. Results: 0.16% (n=163) of admissions were homeless persons and 99.84% (n=103,639) were not. The mean age at admission in homeless patients was 48 years and 76.5% of them were men. Hospital deaths of homeless patients occurred being 23 years younger (p=0.009). 92% of hospital admissions came from emergency departments (p<0.001) and 10.0% of their discharges were against medical advice (p<0.001). The average length of stay was 4.8 days longer in homeless persons (p=0.001) and the most frequent diagnoses on admission were mental (27.0%), infectious (19.6%) and respiratory diseases (18.4%). Mental disorders were present on 83.7% of homeless patients as secondary diagnose and 77.6% referred drugs consumption. Conclusions: Hospital admissions characteristics of homeless persons were particularly different. Homeless patients were hospitalized and died at a younger age than non-homeless patients. The morbidity and mortality of homeless persons reflect their vulnerable health condition. Key words: Homeless persons. Hospitals. Mortality. Morbidity. Patient discharge. Length of stay. Alcohol Drinking. Tobacco use. Psychotropic drugs. Infection. Tuberculosis. HIV. Spain.

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MeSH Terms

Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation::Quality of Health Care::Epidemiologic Factors::Age Factors
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Aged
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Facilities::Hospital Administration::Hospital Departments::Emergency Service, Hospital
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Female
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Homeless Persons
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Mortality::Hospital Mortality
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Patient Care::Hospitalization
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Bacterial Infections and Mycoses::Infection
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Models, Statistical::Logistic Models
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Male
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Respiratory Tract Diseases
Medical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Substance-Related Disorders
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult

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Keywords

Homeless persons, Hospitals, Mortality, Morbidity, Patient discharge, Length of stay, Alcohol drinking, Tobacco use, Psychotropic drugs, Infection, Tuberculosis, HIV, Spain, Personas sin hogar, Ingresos hospitalarios, Mortalidad, Morbilidad, Alta hospitalaria, Estancia hospitalaria, Consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, Uso de tabaco, Psicotrópicos, Infección, Tuberculosis, VIH, España

Citation

Tornero Patricio S, Fernández Ajuria A, Charris Castro L. Características de los ingresos hospitalarios de las personas sin hogar en Sevilla. Rev. Esp. Salud Publica 2016; 90 (1): 1-11