Publication: Tratamiento farmacológico de la EPOC estable
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Identifiers
Date
2014
Authors
Centro Andaluz de Documentación e Información de Medicamentos
Advisors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
CADIME
Abstract
El tratamiento farmacológico de la EPOC estable debe ser individualizado. Los broncodilatadores inhalados constituyen la base del tratamiento farmacológico de la EPOC. Se recomiendan los de acción larga (LABA o LAMA) sobre los de acción corta (SABA o SAMA). Los broncodilatadores de acción corta se utilizan a demanda para controlar de forma rápida los síntomas independientemente del nivel de gravedad. Los broncodilatadores de acción larga se utilizan para el tratamiento de mantenimiento y son la base del tratamiento en pacientes con síntomas permanentes. El tratamiento inicial de la EPOC es la monoterapia con un broncodilatador de acción larga. Las GPC no indican cuál de ellos sería el preferible. La elección será individualizada teniendo en cuenta las preferencias del paciente, la respuesta al tratamiento, los efectos adversos potenciales y el coste. Cuando la monoterapia resulta insuficiente para controlar los síntomas, se recomienda en primer lugar comprobar la adherencia al tratamiento, la técnica inhalatoria y la adecuación del dispositivo de inhalación; y, si éstas son correctas y continúa siendo insuficiente, se emplean combinaciones de tratamientos inhalados. La mayoría de las GPC recomiendan el tratamiento a largo plazo con LABA+corticoesteroides inhalados en pacientes con exacerbaciones frecuentes y FEV1 <50%. No se recomienda el tratamiento a largo plazo en monoterapia con corticoesteroides inhalados ni corticoesteroides orales, ni el uso sistemático de mucolíticos, ni el empleo de roflumilast.
Pharmacological treatment of patients with stable COPD should be individualised. Inhaled bronchodilators are the mainstay of pharmacological treatment for COPD. Long-acting medications (LABA or LAMA) are recommended over short-acting agents (SABA or SAMA). Short-acting bronchodilators are used on demand to rapidly control symptoms regardless of level of severity. Long-acting bronchodilators are used as maintenance therapy and are the mainstay of treatment in patients with permanent symptoms. Initial treatment for COPD is monotherapy with a long-acting bronchodilator. Clinical practice guidelines do not specify the best bronchodilator to use. The choice should be made on an individual basis, taking into account the patient’s preferences, response to treatment, its potential side effects and cost. When monotherapy fails to control symptoms, the first recommended step is to check medication adherence, inhaler technique and adequacy of inhalation device, and if these are correct but monotherapy is still insufficient, treatment should be intensified with combined inhaled therapies. Most clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of long-term therapy with LABA+inhaled corticosteroids in patients who experience frequent exacerbations and with FEV1 <50%. Long-term monotherapy with inhaled corticosteroids or oral corticosteroids is not recommended, and neither is the regular use of mucolytics nor the use of roflumilast.
Pharmacological treatment of patients with stable COPD should be individualised. Inhaled bronchodilators are the mainstay of pharmacological treatment for COPD. Long-acting medications (LABA or LAMA) are recommended over short-acting agents (SABA or SAMA). Short-acting bronchodilators are used on demand to rapidly control symptoms regardless of level of severity. Long-acting bronchodilators are used as maintenance therapy and are the mainstay of treatment in patients with permanent symptoms. Initial treatment for COPD is monotherapy with a long-acting bronchodilator. Clinical practice guidelines do not specify the best bronchodilator to use. The choice should be made on an individual basis, taking into account the patient’s preferences, response to treatment, its potential side effects and cost. When monotherapy fails to control symptoms, the first recommended step is to check medication adherence, inhaler technique and adequacy of inhalation device, and if these are correct but monotherapy is still insufficient, treatment should be intensified with combined inhaled therapies. Most clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of long-term therapy with LABA+inhaled corticosteroids in patients who experience frequent exacerbations and with FEV1 <50%. Long-term monotherapy with inhaled corticosteroids or oral corticosteroids is not recommended, and neither is the regular use of mucolytics nor the use of roflumilast.
Description
MeSH Terms
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Respiratory Tract Diseases::Lung Diseases::Lung Diseases, Obstructive::Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Pharmaceutical Preparations
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Pharmaceutical Preparations
DeCS Terms
CIE Terms
Keywords
Preparaciones farmacéuticas, Broncolilatadores, Corticosteroides, Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Citation
CADIME. Tratamiento farmacológico de la EPOC estable. Bol Ter Andal 2014; 29(3): 17-22. DOI 10.11119/BTA2014-29-03. [Fecha de consulta]. Disponible en: http://www.cadime.es/es/bta_publicados.cfm