2D ultrasound diagnosis of middle compartment prolapse: a multicenter study

Abstract

Background: Recently, a specific methodology has been defined, using transperineal ultrasound, for the differential diagnosis of middle compartment prolapse [uterine prolapse (UP) or cervical elongation (CE) without UP] based on the difference in the pubis-uterine fundus distance at rest and with the Valsalva maneuver, with a cutoff point of 15 mm. The objective of this study was to validate the diagnostic utility of a >= 15 mm difference between the pubis-uterine fundus distance at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver to define UP in a multicenter study.Methods: This prospective multicenter observational study included 94 patients (UP=51; CE without UP=43). The clinical examination was based on the International Continence Society Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (ICS POP-Q) system for assessing pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and patients were candidates for corrective surgery of the middle compartment of the pelvic floor (correction of UP or CE without UP). The ultrasound study was performed by transperineal ultrasound (B-mode) with the patient undergoing dorsal lithotomy. The distance evaluation was performed in relation to the posteroinferior pubic margin in the midsagittal plane, with reference to the uterine fundus (established as the most distal hyperechogenic) line from the pubis to the uterine fundus at rest and with the Valsalva maneuver. We defined UP detected using UP as a difference of >= 15 mm between the pubis-uterine fundus distance at rest and with the Valsalva maneuver. Agreement between the clinical and ultrasound diagnosis of UP was assessed using the Cohen kappa coefficient of agreement and its 95% CIs.Results: The ultrasound diagnosis of global UP at the three centers showed very good agreement, with a kappa index of 0.826 (0.71, 0.94). The agreement of ultrasound with the clinical diagnosis of UP using the ICS POP-Q system was very good for each of the hospitals [Hospital 1: 0.814 (0.64, 0.98), Hospital 2: 0.847 (0.64, 1) and Hospital 3: 0.824 (0.59, 1)].Conclusions: A difference of >= 15 mm between the pubis-uterine fundus distance at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver for the diagnosis of UP presents very good agreement with the results of clinical evaluation with the ICS POP-Q system.