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Factors associated with chronic pain in patients with bipolar depression: a cross-sectional study.

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Date

2013-04-15

Authors

Failde, Inmaculada
Dueñas, María
Agüera-Ortíz, Luis
Cervilla, Jorge A
González-Pinto, Ana
Mico, Juan A

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BioMed Central
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Abstract

BACKGROUND While pain is frequently associated with unipolar depression, few studies have investigated the link between pain and bipolar depression. In the present study we estimated the prevalence and characteristics of pain among patients with bipolar depression treated by psychiatrists in their regular clinical practice. The study was designed to identify factors associated with the manifestation of pain in these patients. METHODS Patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (n=121) were selected to participate in a cross-sectional study in which DSM-IV-TR criteria were employed to identify depressive episodes. The patients were asked to describe any pain experienced during the study, and in the 6 weeks beforehand, by means of a Visual Analogical Scale (VAS). RESULTS Over half of the bipolar depressed patients (51.2%, 95% CI: 41.9%-60.6%), and 2/3 of the female experienced concomitant pain. The pain was of moderate to severe intensity and prolonged duration, and it occurred at multiple sites, significantly limiting the patient's everyday activities. The most important factors associated with the presence of pain were older age, sleep disorders and delayed diagnosis of bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS Chronic pain is common in bipolar depressed patients, and it is related to sleep disorders and delayed diagnosis of their disorder. More attention should be paid to study the presence of pain in bipolar depressed patients, in order to achieve more accurate diagnoses and to provide better treatment options.

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Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;

MeSH Terms

Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Aged
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Mood Disorders::Affective Disorders, Psychotic::Bipolar Disorder
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Neurologic Manifestations::Pain::Chronic Pain
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cross-Sectional Studies
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Delayed Diagnosis
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Behavioral Symptoms::Depression
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Female
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Male
Middle Aged
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological::Neurologic Examination::Pain Measurement
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Health Surveys::Health Status Indicators::Severity of Illness Index
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Sleep Disorders
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult

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Keywords

Bipolar Disorder, Chronic Pain, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delayed Diagnosis, Depression, Sleep Disorders, Depression, Depresión, Trastorno bipolar, Dolor crónico, Estudios transversales, Diagnóstico tardío

Citation

Failde I, Dueñas M, Agüera-Ortíz L, Cervilla JA, González-Pinto A, Mico JA. Factors associated with chronic pain in patients with bipolar depression: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2013; 13:112