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Estudio piloto sobre el manejo de la fluidoterapia intravenosa en pacientes adultos de un hospital de tercer nivel.

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Date

2012-05

Authors

Cordero Cruz, A Mª
Moreno Villares, J M
Gomis Muñoz, P
Valero Zanuy, Mª Á
Calleja Hernández, M Á

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Grupo Aula Médica, S.L.
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Abstract

La fluidoterapia intravenosa (FTI) tiene por objeto mantener el equilibrio interno o restaurarlo mediante la administración de líquidos y/o de diversos componentes electrolíticos. Su correcto empleo y la prevención de las complicaciones derivadas de su mal uso dependen de los conocimientos en esta materia por parte del equipo médico. Analizamos este aspecto en diferentes áreas clínicas de un hospital de tercer nivel. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio-piloto transversal descriptivo por cuestionario a los facultativos médicos especialistas en medicina interna (MI) y cirugía del aparato digestivo (CD) cuya práctica asistencial se desarrolla en las plantas de hospitalización con sistema de dispensación de medicamentos en dosis unitaria. Se diseñó un cuestionario anónimo con 25 preguntas relativas a los conocimientos de los teóricos y prácticos así como a la opinión de los facultativos sobre FTI. Se evaluó la asociación entre variables cualitativas nominales con el test Chi-cuadrado o test exacto de Fischer. El comportamiento de las variables cuantitativas se evaluó mediante el test t-student. El análisis de los datos fue generado usando SAS/STAT, Versión 9. Resultados: Se recogieron 28 cuestionarios correspondientes a 13 cirujanos digestivos y 15 médicos internistas. Más de un 40% de los especialistas consideran una necesidad seguir formándose en FTI, especialmente sobre su prescripción (CD: 61,54%, MI: 71,43%). No existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambas especialidades en cuanto a la frecuencia percibida de complicaciones asociadas a la FTI y tampoco en cuanto a la frecuencia de indicación a excepción del shock hipovolémico, considerado más prevalente en cirugía digestiva (p = 0,046). El 90% de los profesionales prefiere una prescripción individualizada. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a las puntuaciones obtenidas en el área de conocimientos, siendo los médicos internistas los que consiguieron una mayor puntuación (p = 0,014). Se encontraron también diferencias aunque no significativas en actitud personal (p= 0,162). Los conocimientos sobre fluidoterapia intravenosa aumentan con los años de experiencia clínica (coeficiente de correlación de Spearman = 0,386, p = 0,047). Conclusiones: Los profesionales que prescriben la FTI perciben la necesidad de diseñar programas de formación en FTI, junto con la elaboración de guías y protocolos consensuados.
The purpose of intravenous fluid therapy (IFT) is to maintain or restore internal equilibrium by administering fluids and/or different electrolyte components. Its correct use and the prevention of complications arising from their misuse depend on the knowledge of the medical team on this subject. We analyzed this issue in different clinical areas of a tertiary hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a descriptive cross-sectional pilot study via a questionnaire given to physicians specializing in internal medicine (IM) and digestive system surgery (SDS) who perform clinical practice in hospital units with unit dose drug dispensing system. We designed an anonymous questionnaire with 25 questions relative to knowledge of theory and practices, as well as the opinion of physicians regarding IFT. We evaluated the association between nominal qualitative variables with the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The behavior of the quantitative variables was assessed using the t-student test. The analysis of the data was generated using SAS/STAT, Version 9. RESULTS 28 questionnaires were collected from 13 surgeons and 15 digestive interns. Over 40% of specialists considered further education in IFT a necessity , especially regarding its prescription (SDS: 61.54%, IM: 71.43%). No statistically significant differences were found between the specialties in terms of perceived frequency of complications associated with IFT or in the frequency indication with the exception of hypovolemic shock, which is considered to be more prevalent in gastrointestinal surgery (p = 0.046). 90% of professionals prefer an individualized prescription. Statistically significant differences in terms of scores in the area of knowledge, with IM physicians achieving the highest scores (p = 0.014). There were also differences in attitude but they are not significant (p = 0.162). Knowledge of intravenous fluid increases with years of clinical experience (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.386, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS The professionals who prescribe IFT perceive the need to design IFT training programs, together with the production of guides and consensus protocols.

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English Abstract; Journal Article;

MeSH Terms

Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Services Administration::Patient Care Management::Comprehensive Health Care::Patient Care Planning::Case Management
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cross-Sectional Studies
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Surgical Procedures, Operative::Digestive System Surgical Procedures
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Drug Therapy::Fluid Therapy
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Facilities::Hospitals
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Drug Therapy::Drug Administration Routes::Infusions, Parenteral::Infusions, Intravenous
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Personnel::Physicians
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Pilot Projects
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Questionnaires
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation::Delivery of Health Care::Tertiary Healthcare
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation::Delivery of Health Care::Attitude to Health::Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

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Keywords

Intravenous fluid therapy, Questionnaire, Physician, Knowledge, Fluidoterapia intravenosa, Cuestionario, Médico, Conocimiento

Citation

Cordero Cruz AM, Moreno Villares JM, Gomis Muñoz P, Valero Zanuy MÁ, Calleja Hernández MÁ. Estudio piloto sobre el manejo de la fluidoterapia intravenosa en pacientes adultos de un hospital de tercer nivel. Nutr Hosp; 27(3):943-7