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Prevalencia y factores asociados a desnutrición entre pacientes ingresados en un hospital de media-larga estancia

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Date

2011

Authors

Pardo Cabello, A J
Bermudo Conde, S
Manzano Gamero, M V

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Grupo Aula Médica, S.L.
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Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de desnutri ciónal ingreso en un hospital de media-larga estancia. Analizar posibles factores asociados a la misma; la posible relación con la mortalidad y los tratamientos de desnutrición realizados. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo a partir de datos analíticos obtenidos de 140 pacientes. Para el diagnóstico de desnutrición, se aplicó una herramienta basada en niveles de albúmina, colesterol total y linfocitos (CONUT). Se recogieron datos demográficos (edad, sexo) y clínicos (presencia de úlceras por presión, sonda nasogástrica, demencia, neoplasia, estancia previa en UCI y diagnóstico principal) al ingreso así como la mortalidad en el primer mes de ingreso. Se revisaron los tratamientos nutricionales administrados. Resultados: La edad de los pacientes fue de 77,1 años y el 63% eran mujeres. El 17,1% de los pacientes presentaba un estado nutricional normal, el 50,7% criterios de desnutrición leve, el 26,4% de desnutrición moderada y el 5,7% de grave. No se halló asociación entre desnutrición y sexo, sonda nasogástrica, úlcera, demencia o neoplasia aunque sí con la edad (P = 0,033). Se halló asociación entre desnutrición moderada-severa y úlcera por presión (P = 0,036). Se encontró asociación entre desnutrición y mortalidad a un mes (OR = 1,389, IC 95% de 1,142 a 1,688; P = 0,001). El 35,6% de los pacientes con desnutrición moderada-severa recibió tratamiento nutricional (28,9% suplementos proteicos y 6,7% dieta enteral). Conclusiones: La desnutrición afecta a la mayor parte de los pacientes que ingresan en un hospital de medialarga estancia y se asocia con mayor mortalidad. Un tercio de los pacientes desnutridos reciben tratamiento nutricional.
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of hyponutrition at admission at a mid- to long-term stay hospital. To analyze the possible factors associated to hyponutrition; the possible relationship with mortality at one month, and the treatments for hyponutrition performed. MATERIALS AND METHOD Descriptive study from the laboratory data obtained in 140 patients. For diagnosing hyponutrition, a tool based on albumin, total cholesterol, and lymphocytes levels was used. Demographical (age and gender) and clinical data (presence of pressure soars, nasogastric tube, dementia, neoplasm, previous admission to the ICU, and main diagnosis) were gathered at admission as well as the mortality at the first month. The treatments used for hyponutrition were reviewed. RESULTS patients' age was 77.1 years and 63% were females. 17.1% of the patients presented normal nutritional status, 50.7% met the criteria for mild hyponutrition, 26.4% of moderate hyponutrition, and 5.7% of severe hyponutrition. We found no association between hyponutrition and gender, nasogastric tube, soars, dementia or neoplasm, but we did so with age (P = 0.033). We found a relationship between moderate-severe hyponutrition and pressure soars (P = 0.036). We found an association between hyponutrition and mortality at one month (OR = 1.357, 95% CI 1.121 to 1.643; P = 0.02). 35.6% of the patients with moderate-severe hyponutrition received therapy for this condition (28.9% with protein supplements and 6.7% with enteral diet). CONCLUSIONS hyponutrition affects most of the patients admitted to a mid to long-term stay hospitals and is associated with higher mortality. One third of hyponutrition patients receive nutritional therapy.

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Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Aged
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Female
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Mortality::Hospital Mortality
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Patient Care::Hospitalization
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Intubation::Intubation, Gastrointestinal
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Patient Care::Hospitalization::Length of Stay
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Male
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Malnutrition
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Nutrition Therapy::Nutritional Support
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases::Skin Diseases::Skin Ulcer::Pressure Ulcer
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation::Quality of Health Care::Epidemiologic Factors::Sex Factors
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation::Quality of Health Care::Epidemiologic Factors::Age Factors
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Aged::Aged, 80 and over

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Keywords

Malnutrición, Pacientes hospitalizados, Prevalencia, Evaluación nutricional, Malnutrition, Inpatient, Prevalence, Nutritional assessment, Anciano, Femenino, Mortalidad Hospitalaria, Hospitalización, Humanos, Intubación Gastrointestinal, Tiempo de Internación, Masculino, Desnutrición, Mediana Edad, Neoplasias, Apoyo Nutricional, Úlcera por Presión, Factores de Edad, Factores Sexuales, Anciano de 80 o más Años

Citation

Pardo Cabello AJ, Bermudo Conde S, Manzano Gamero MV. Prevalencia y factores asociados a desnutrición entre pacientes ingresados en un hospital de media-larga estancia. Nutr Hosp; 26(2):369-75