Publication: El proyecto EMECAM: Estudio Multicéntrico Español sobre la Relación entre la Contaminación Atmosférica y la Mortalidad. Antecedentes, participantes, objetivos y métodología.
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Identifiers
Date
1999-03
Authors
Ballester Díez, Ferran
Sáez Zafra, Marcelo L
Alonso Fustel, Mª Eva
Taracido Trunk, Margarita
Ordóñez Iriarte, José Mª
Aguinaga Ontoso, Inés
Daponte Codina, Antonio
Bellido Blasco, Juan
Guillén Pérez, José Jesús
Pérez Boíllos, Mª José
Advisors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo
Abstract
En los últimos años, un número creciente de estudios sugiere que los incrementos en los niveles de contaminación atmosférica pueden causar efectos a corto plazo sobre la salud, incluso con niveles de contaminación cercanos o inferiores a los considerados hasta ahora como seguros. Los distintos enfoques metodológicos y la diversidad de técnicas de análisis utilizadas han dificultado la comparabilidad directa entre los resultados obtenidos, impidiendo llegar a conclusiones claras. Ello ha estimulado la puesta en marcha de proyectos multicéntricos, como el proyecto APHEA (short-term effects of Air Pollution on Health: a European Approach), dentro del ámbito europeo. El proyecto EMECAM se enmarca en el contexto de los estudios multicéntricos citados y tiene una proyección amplia en el ámbito nacional español. En él se incluyen 14 ciudades españolas (Barcelona, Gran Bilbao, Cartagena, Castellón, Gijón, Huelva, Madrid, Pamplona, Sevilla, Oviedo, Valencia, Vigo, Vitoria y Zaragoza) que representan diferentes situaciones sociodemográficas, climáticas y ambientales, sumando un total cercano a nueve millones de habitantes. El objetivo del proyecto EMECAM es evaluar el impacto a corto plazo de la contaminación atmosférica, en el conjunto de las ciudades participantes, sobre la mortalidad por todas las causas, en toda la población y en personas de 70 y más años, y por causas respiratorias y del aparato circulatorio. Para ello, con un diseño ecológico, se analizan los datos de las series temporales tomando como unidad los datos diarios de mortalidad, contaminantes, temperatura y otros factores, obtenidos de registros de instituciones públicas. El periodo de estudio, aunque no es exactamente el mismo para todas las ciudades, está comprendido en todos los casos entre los años 1990 y 1996. El cálculo de las medidas de asociación se realiza mediante regresión autorregresiva de Poisson. En una fase posterior los resultados de cada ciudad se combinarán mediante la realización de un meta-análisis.
In recent years, a growing number of studies suggests that increases in air pollution levels may have short-term impact on human health, even at pollution levels similar to or lower than those which have been considered to be safe to date. The different methodological approaches and the varying analysis techniques employed have made it difficult to make a direct comparison among all of the findings, preventing any clear conclusions from being drawn. This has led to multicenter projects such as the APHEA (Short-Term Impact of Air Pollution on Health. A European Approach) within a European Scope. The EMECAM Project falls within the context of the aforesaid multicenter studies and has a wide-ranging projection nationwide within Spain. Fourteen (14) cities throughout Spain were included in this Project (Barcelona, Metropolitan Area of Bilbao, Cartagena, Castellón, Gijón, Huelva, Madrid, Pamplona, Seville, Oviedo, Valencia, Vigo, Vitoria and Saragossa) representing different sociodemographic, climate and environmental situations, adding up to a total of nearly nine million inhabitants. The objective of the EMECAM project is that to asses the short-term impact of air pollution throughout all of the participating cities on the mortality for all causes, on the population and on individuals over age 70, for respiratory and cardiovascular design causes. For this purpose, with an ecological, the time series data analyzed taking the daily deaths, pollutants, temperature data and other factors taken from records kept by public institutions. The period of time throughout which this study was conducted, although not exactly the same for all of the cities involved, runs in all cases from 1990 to 1996. The degree of relationship measured by means of an autoregressive Poisson regression. In the future, the results of each city will be combined by means of a meta-analysis.
In recent years, a growing number of studies suggests that increases in air pollution levels may have short-term impact on human health, even at pollution levels similar to or lower than those which have been considered to be safe to date. The different methodological approaches and the varying analysis techniques employed have made it difficult to make a direct comparison among all of the findings, preventing any clear conclusions from being drawn. This has led to multicenter projects such as the APHEA (Short-Term Impact of Air Pollution on Health. A European Approach) within a European Scope. The EMECAM Project falls within the context of the aforesaid multicenter studies and has a wide-ranging projection nationwide within Spain. Fourteen (14) cities throughout Spain were included in this Project (Barcelona, Metropolitan Area of Bilbao, Cartagena, Castellón, Gijón, Huelva, Madrid, Pamplona, Seville, Oviedo, Valencia, Vigo, Vitoria and Saragossa) representing different sociodemographic, climate and environmental situations, adding up to a total of nearly nine million inhabitants. The objective of the EMECAM project is that to asses the short-term impact of air pollution throughout all of the participating cities on the mortality for all causes, on the population and on individuals over age 70, for respiratory and cardiovascular design causes. For this purpose, with an ecological, the time series data analyzed taking the daily deaths, pollutants, temperature data and other factors taken from records kept by public institutions. The period of time throughout which this study was conducted, although not exactly the same for all of the cities involved, runs in all cases from 1990 to 1996. The degree of relationship measured by means of an autoregressive Poisson regression. In the future, the results of each city will be combined by means of a meta-analysis.
Description
English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;
MeSH Terms
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Air Pollution
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Mortality::Cause of Death
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Research Design::Meta-Analysis as Topic
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Mortality
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Clinical Trials as Topic::Multicenter Studies as Topic
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Analysis of Variance::Multivariate Analysis
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Methods::Research Design::Patient Selection
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Methods::Research Design
Medical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Toxic Actions::Environmental Pollutants::Air Pollutants
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Mortality::Cause of Death
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Research Design::Meta-Analysis as Topic
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Mortality
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Clinical Trials as Topic::Multicenter Studies as Topic
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Analysis of Variance::Multivariate Analysis
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Methods::Research Design::Patient Selection
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Methods::Research Design
Medical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Toxic Actions::Environmental Pollutants::Air Pollutants
DeCS Terms
CIE Terms
Keywords
Contaminación atmosférica, Mortalidad, Estudio multicéntrico, Series temporales, métodos epidemiológicos
Citation
Ballester Díez F, Sáez Zafra M, Alonso Fustel ME, Taracido Trunk M, Ordóñez Iriarte JM, Aguinaga Ontoso I, et al. El proyecto EMECAM: Estudio Multicéntrico Español sobre la Relación entre la Contaminación Atmosférica y la Mortalidad. Antecedentes, participantes, objetivos y métodología. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 1999; 73(2):165-75