Publication:
Hypersensitivity to Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Children and Adolescents: Cross-Intolerance Reactions.

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Date

2015

Authors

Blanca-López, N
Cornejo-García, J A
Plaza-Serón, M C
Doña, I
Torres-Jaén, M J
Canto, G
Padilla-España, L
Kidon, M
Perkins, J R
Blanca, M

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Esmon Publicidad
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Abstract

Los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) son ampliamente utilizados en todo el mundo y en todos los tramos de edad. Son responsables de un número importante de reacciones de hipersensibilidad a fármacos (RHFs), que no sólo afectan a adultos sino también a niños y adolescentes. Existen dos grandes grupos: reacciones selectivas, inducidas por mecanismos inmunológicos específicos, y de intolerancia cruzada (IC), donde se liberan mediadores inflamatorios en ausencia de reconocimiento inmunológico específico. En esta revisión nos ocuparemos de la IC, que es la causa más frecuente de RHFs y resulta de gran interés en niños y adolescentes. El paracetamol y el ibuprofeno son los medicamentos más frecuentemente implicados en las RHFs en niños. El uso diagnóstico de los tests in vivo e in vitro es muy limitado, con algunas excepciones en las reacciones selectivas. En las de IC, la historia clínica y la administración controlada son en ocasiones la única vía para confirmar el diagnóstico y determinar las alternativas terapéuticas más adecuadas. La historia clínica tiene valor diagnóstico cuando se reproducen síntomas consistentes repetidamente tras la exposición a AINEs no relacionados estructuralmente. En niños de corta edad es especialmente frecuente la combinación de síntomas cutáneos y respiratorios. Aunque se desconoce la historia natural de la IC en niños, es probable que se desarrolle tolerancia a lo largo de la vida. El fenotipado detallado junto con la información proporcionada por la fármaco-genética no sólo proporcionarán un conocimiento más preciso de la IC sino que también facilitará el manejo clínico de estos pacientes.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used worldwide and are responsible for several types of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) in all age groups. The 2 major groups of DHRs to NSAIDs are those induced by immunological mechanisms (selective reactions) and those where inflammatory mediators are released through activation of the prostaglandin-leukotriene pathway without specific immunological recognition (cross-intolerance). In the present review, we focus on cross-intolerance reactions, which are the most frequent DHRs and are becoming a topic of major interest in children and adolescents. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are the drugs that most frequently cause DHRs in children; other NSAIDs are responsible for reactions in adolescents. In vivo and in vitro tests are of limited diagnostic value, with some exceptions for the less common selective reactions. In cross-intolerance, the clinical history and controlled administration are in many instances the only way to establish a diagnosis and look for alternatives. The clinical history is diagnostic when consistent symptoms occur repeatedly after exposure to NSAIDs with different chemical structures. Cutaneous and respiratory symptoms often co-occur in young children. The natural history of these reactions in children is unknown, and some patients can develop tolerance over time. Atopy remains a major risk factor for cross-intolerant reactions. The increasing interest in hypersensitivity to NSAIDs with improvements in patient phenotyping and the information provided by pharmacogenetics will improve our understanding and management of these reactions in the near future.

Description

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review;

MeSH Terms

Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Physiological Effects of Drugs::Peripheral Nervous System Agents::Sensory System Agents::Analgesics::Analgesics, Non-Narcotic::Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Child
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Hypersensitivity::Drug Hypersensitivity
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation::Quality of Health Care::Epidemiologic Factors::Causality::Risk Factors
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent

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Keywords

Hipersensitivity drug reactions., NSAIDs, cross-intolerance, Cysteinyl leukotrienes, NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease, NSAID-exacerbated cutaneous disease, NSAID-induced urticaria/angioedema, Reacciones de hipersensibilidad a fármacos, AINEs, intolerancia cruzada, Cisteinil-leucotrienos, Enfermedad respiratoria exacerbada por AINEs, Enfermedad cutánea exacerbada por AINEs, Urticaria/angioedema inducidos por aNEs

Citation

Blanca-López N, Cornejo-García JA, Plaza-Serón MC, Doña I, Torres-Jaén MJ, Canto G, et al. Hypersensitivity to Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Children and Adolescents: Cross-Intolerance Reactions. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2015; 25(4):259-69