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Fístula gastrocolocutánea: una infrecuente complicación de la gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea

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Date

2012-01

Authors

Ruiz Ruiz, J.M.
Rando Muñoz, J.R.
Salvá Villar, P.
Lamarca Hurtado, J.C.
Sánchez Molinero, M.ª D.
Sanjurgo Molezun, E.
Vázquez Pedreño, L.
Manteca González, R.

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Grupo Aula Médica, S.L.
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Abstract

La gastrostomía percutánea endoscópica, es una técnica segura, aunque no exenta de complicaciones y ante las cuales el clínico deberá permanecer alerta con objeto de una detección precoz de las mismas incluso tras largos periodos con funcionamiento normal de la sonda. La mayoría de los problemas suelen ser menores. La fístula gastrocolocutánea supone una rara y grave complicación favorecida por algunos factores de riesgo tales como adherencias previas postquirúrgicas, deformidades de la columna ó una insuflación gástrica excesiva en el momento de la realización de la técnica. Presentamos un caso de un paciente portador de PEG con esta complicación manifestada tras el primer recambio de sonda. Nuestro objetivo es doble: por una parte analizar aspectos preventivos y normas básicas de prudencia a la hora de implantar la PEG para minimizar los riesgos; por otro lado alertar sobre la posible presencia de esta entidad evitando un progresivo deterioro nutricional. Esta complicación deberá estar presente en el diagnóstico diferencial de todo síndrome diarreico en paciente portador de PEG. Las técnicas diagnósticas de elección consisten en pruebas radiológicas como TAC e inyección de contraste a través de sonda. En cuanto al tratamiento la cirugía sólo debe reservarse en pacientes que presentan cuadro de peritonitis aguda y como medio de colocación de nueva gastrostomía.
Endoscopic percutaneous gastrostomy is a safe technique although with potential complications before which the clinician has to be on alert in order to early detect them even after a long period of normal functioning. Most of them represent minor problems. Gastrocolocutaneous fistula is a rare but severe complication favored by some risk factors such as previous post-surgical adherences, deformities of the spine, or excessive gastric inflation at the time of performing the technique. We present the case of a patient with PEG with this complication that occurred after the first tube replacement. Our goal was in two senses: on the one hand, to analyze the preventive aspects and basic guidelines for a safe PEG placement to minimize the risks; on the other hand, to alert on the possible presence of this entity to prevent a progressive nutritional impairment. This complication ought to be included in the differential diagnosis of the diarrhea syndrome in the patient carrying a PEG. The diagnostic techniques of choice are radiologic tests such as CT scan and contrast media administration through the tube. Surgical therapy should be reserved to patients with acute peritonitis in order to perform a new gastrostomy.

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MeSH Terms

Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Digestive System Diseases::Gastrointestinal Diseases::Intestinal Diseases::Colonic Diseases
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::Neurologic Manifestations::Neurobehavioral Manifestations::Consciousness Disorders::Unconsciousness::Coma
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathological Conditions, Anatomical::Fistula::Cutaneous Fistula
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms, Digestive::Diarrhea
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System::Endoscopy, Digestive System::Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Feeding Methods::Enteral Nutrition
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Digestive System Diseases::Digestive System Fistula::Gastric Fistula
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Surgical Procedures, Operative::Digestive System Surgical Procedures::Gastrostomy
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Male
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Economics and Organizations::Economics::Financial Management::Risk Management
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Tomography::Tomography, X-Ray

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Keywords

Gastrocolocutaneous fistula, Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy, PEG, Fístula Gastrocolocutánea, Gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea

Citation

Ruiz Ruiz JM, Rando Muñoz JF, Salvá Villar P, Lamarca Hurtado JC, Sánchez Molinero MD, Sanjurgo Molezun E, et al. Fístula gastrocolocutánea: una infrecuente complicación de la gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea. Nutr Hosp. 2012; 27 (1): 306-9