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Encefalopatía grave y deficiencia de vitamina B12: reversibilidad tras la terapia nutricional

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Date

2020-12

Authors

Blasco-Alonso, Javier
Gil-Gómez, Raquel
García Ruiz, Ana
Cortés Hernández, Marta
Gutiérrez Schiaffino, Guiomar

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SENPE y Arán Ediciones, S.L.
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Introducción: la vitamina cobalamina es esencial para el buen funcionamiento del SNC, la hematopoyesis y la síntesis de ADN. Su déficit es frecuentemente secundario a la anemia perniciosa o a las dietas vegetarianas estrictas. Caso clínico: lactante varón de 18 meses con disminución del nivel de conciencia y trastorno del movimiento (temblor y movimientos coreiformes) de horas de duración. Como antecedentes, presenta retraso de la adquisición de los hitos motores (no bipedestación, lenguaje monosilábico) y pérdida progresiva de los mismos en las últimas semanas (sostén cefálico y sedestación). Alimentado mediante lactancia materna desde el nacimiento. La familia sigue una alimentación vegetariana. En las pruebas de neuroimagen, la TC y la RM craneales muestran atrofia supratentorial generalizada de ambas sustancias y de los ganglios basales. Se inicia tratamiento con vitamina B12 intramuscular, aumentando sus niveles. Posteriormente se procede a la diversificación alimentaria y la administración de cianocobalamina oral, con normalización clínica al cabo de 6 meses y radiológica al cabo de 7 meses. Discusión: recalcamos la importancia de la suplementación con B12 durante el embarazo y la lactancia tanto en la mujer como en el lactante.
Introduction: the vitamin cobalamin is essential for a proper functioning of the CNS, hematopoiesis, and DNA synthesis. Its deficiency is frequently secondary to pernicious anemia or strict vegetarian diets. Case report: an 18-month-old male infant presented with a decreased level of consciousness and movement disorder (tremor and choreiform movements) of several hours' standing. He had a history of delayed acquisition of motor milestones (not standing, monosyllabic language), and progressive loss of these over the last few weeks (head support and sitting). He had been breastfed from birth. His family has a vegetarian diet. In neuroimages, cranial CT and MRI scans showed generalized supratentorial atrophy involving both matters and the basal ganglia. Treatment was started with intramuscular vitamin B12, which increased its levels. Subsequently, the patient was subjected to dietary diversification and oral cyanocobalamin, with clinical normalization after 6 months and radiological normalization after 7 months. Conclusions: we emphasize the importance of vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation in vegetarina mothers and their infants.

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Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Central Nervous System Diseases::Brain Diseases
Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Nutritional Sciences::Dietetics
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Infant
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Male
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring::Azoles::Pyrroles::Tetrapyrroles::Corrinoids::Vitamin B 12
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Malnutrition::Deficiency Diseases::Avitaminosis::Vitamin B Deficiency::Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Physiological Effects of Drugs::Growth Substances::Micronutrients::Vitamins::Vitamin B Complex
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Female
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Nutrition Therapy
Medical Subject Headings::Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet::Diet, Vegetarian
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Reproduction::Pregnancy
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Lactation

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Keywords

Vitamina B12, Encefalopatía, Anemia, Dieta vegana, Vitamin B12, Encephalopathy, Vegan diet

Citation

Blasco-Alonso J, Gil-Gómez R, García Ruiz A, Cortés Hernández M, Gutiérrez Schiaffino G. Encefalopatía grave y deficiencia de vitamina B12: reversibilidad tras la terapia nutricional. Nutr Hosp. 2020 Dec 16;37(6):1285-1288.