Publication: Effects of Nutritional Education Interventions on Metabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials
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2019-12-21
Authors
Leis, Rosaura
de Lamas, Carmela
de Castro, María-José
Picáns, Rosaura
Gil-Campos, Mercedes
Couce, María L.
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Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global public health issue and is linked to metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Social, economic and cultural factors influence changes in nutrition and lifestyle characterized by poorer diets and reduced physical activity. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for nutritional education interventions to improve metabolic risks in children and adolescents. Systematic searches of the databases Medline (via PubMed) and Scopus were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias for each study was assessed following the methodology of the Cochrane Collaboration. Ten case-controlled and randomized controlled studies testing nutritional educational interventions targeting children and adolescents from the general population were eligible for inclusion. The sample size was 3915 and the age range was 7-20 years. The duration of intervention ranged from 12 weeks to 20 years. All the studies that provided data on abdominal obesity reported differences in favour of the intervention. However, data on the effects on the remaining components of metabolic syndrome remain inconclusive. These results support the role of nutritional education interventions as a strategy to reduce central adiposity and its possible unhealthy consequences in children and adolescents.
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MeSH Terms
Medical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent
Medical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Child
Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Nutritional Sciences::Child Nutrition Sciences
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::Obesity::Pediatric Obesity
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk Factors
Medical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Child
Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Nutritional Sciences::Child Nutrition Sciences
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::Obesity::Pediatric Obesity
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk Factors
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Keywords
Adolescents, Children, Dyslipidemia, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Insulin resistance, Metabolic risk, Metabolic syndrome, Nutritional intervention, Obesity, Adolescente, Niño, Dislipidemias, Hiperglucemia, Hipertensión, Resistencia a la insulina, Síndrome metabólico, Obesidad
Citation
Leis R, de Lamas C, de Castro MJ, Picáns R, Gil-Campos M, Couce ML. Effects of Nutritional Education Interventions on Metabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2019 Dec 21;12(1):31