Publication: Participación social en salud: conceptos de usuarios, líderes comunitarios, gestores y formuladores de políticas en Colombia. Una mirada cualitativa.
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Identifiers
Date
2005-11
Authors
Delgado Gallego, María Eugenia
Vázquez Navarrete, María Luisa
Zapata Bermúdez, Yolanda
Hernán García, Mariano
Advisors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo
Abstract
Fundamento: Las reformas del sector salud llevadas a cabo en Colombia durante la década de los noventa incluyen políticas que promocionan la participación social en el sistema de salud, considerada esencial para el buen funcionamiento. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el sentido y significado de la participación en salud para los diferentes actores sociales involucrados en la implantación de la política en Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, de tipo exploratorio, a través de grupos focales (GF) y entrevistas individuales semi-estructuradas (E) a diferentes actores sociales: 210 usuarios (GF), 40 líderes comunitarios (GF), 3 formuladores de políticas (E) y 36 entre el personal de salud (E). Se hizo un análisis narrativo de contenido. El área de estudio la constituyeron los municipios Tuluá y Palmira en Colombia. Resultados: El concepto de participación presentó diferentes sentidos según el actor analizado: usuarios y líderes articulaban el concepto alrededor de aportar ideas, estar en espacios sociales, la solidaridad y con frecuencia, la utilización de los servicios de salud. El personal de salud otorgaba sentido de participación social a las actividades de las instituciones con la comunidad, así como al uso de los servicios y la vinculación al sistema de salud. Los formuladores de políticas lo dotaban de un sentido de evaluación y control de los servicios de salud por parte de la comunidad, para mejorar su calidad. Conclusiones: Los distintos conceptos de participación muestran diferencias entre el sentido de la política y lo que entienden y asumen los diversos agentes sociales en su interacción con los servicios de salud. Estos diferentes conceptos han de ser tenidos en cuenta para conseguir la vinculación entre la sociedad y los servicios de salud. Palabras clave: Participación en salud. Investigación cualitativa.
BACKGROUND Health sector reforms taking place in Colombia during the Nineties included policies to promote social participation in the health system, which is considered essential to its functioning. The aim of this article is to analyse the meaning and the significance of participation in health for the different social actors involved in implementing policies in Colombia. METHODS A qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study was carried out using focal groups (FG) and semi-structured individual interviews (I) of the different social actors: 210 users (FG), 40 community leaders (FG), 3 policy makers (E) and 36 healthcare professionals (E). A carried out analysis was content up of the contents. The study area corresponded to the municipalities of Tulua and Palmira in Colombia. RESULTS The concept of participation was interpreted differently depending on the actor studied: for users and leaders the concept referred to contributing ideas, presence in social spaces, solidarity and frequently, and use of the health services. Healthcare professionals considered the activities carried out by institutions together with the community as social participation, the use of services and affiliation to the health system. Policy markers considered participation to concern evaluation and control of the health services by the community, to improve its quality. CONCLUSIONS The different concepts of participation reveal dif ferences between the content of the policy and how it is understood and interpreted by the different social actors in their interaction with the health services. These different perspectives must be taken into account to develop a link between society and the health services.
BACKGROUND Health sector reforms taking place in Colombia during the Nineties included policies to promote social participation in the health system, which is considered essential to its functioning. The aim of this article is to analyse the meaning and the significance of participation in health for the different social actors involved in implementing policies in Colombia. METHODS A qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study was carried out using focal groups (FG) and semi-structured individual interviews (I) of the different social actors: 210 users (FG), 40 community leaders (FG), 3 policy makers (E) and 36 healthcare professionals (E). A carried out analysis was content up of the contents. The study area corresponded to the municipalities of Tulua and Palmira in Colombia. RESULTS The concept of participation was interpreted differently depending on the actor studied: for users and leaders the concept referred to contributing ideas, presence in social spaces, solidarity and frequently, and use of the health services. Healthcare professionals considered the activities carried out by institutions together with the community as social participation, the use of services and affiliation to the health system. Policy markers considered participation to concern evaluation and control of the health services by the community, to improve its quality. CONCLUSIONS The different concepts of participation reveal dif ferences between the content of the policy and how it is understood and interpreted by the different social actors in their interaction with the health services. These different perspectives must be taken into account to develop a link between society and the health services.
Description
Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article;
MeSH Terms
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult
Medical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Americas::South America::Colombia
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Economics and Organizations::Health Planning::Regional Health Planning::Community Health Planning
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Services::Community Health Services::Consumer Participation
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Female
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Interviews as Topic::Focus Groups
Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Social Sciences::Policy::Social Control Policies::Public Policy::Health Policy::Health Care Reform
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Economics and Organizations::Health Planning::Health Plan Implementation
Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Social Sciences::Policy::Social Control Policies::Public Policy::Health Policy
Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Health Services Administration
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Interviews as Topic
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Personality::Leadership
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Male
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Services Administration::Quality of Health Care
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent
Medical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Americas::South America::Colombia
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Economics and Organizations::Health Planning::Regional Health Planning::Community Health Planning
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Services::Community Health Services::Consumer Participation
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Female
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Interviews as Topic::Focus Groups
Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Social Sciences::Policy::Social Control Policies::Public Policy::Health Policy::Health Care Reform
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Economics and Organizations::Health Planning::Health Plan Implementation
Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Social Sciences::Policy::Social Control Policies::Public Policy::Health Policy
Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Health Services Administration
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Interviews as Topic
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Personality::Leadership
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Male
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Services Administration::Quality of Health Care
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent
DeCS Terms
CIE Terms
Keywords
Participación en salud, Investigación cualitativa, Colombia, Planificación en salud comunitaria, Grupos focales, Entrevistas como asunto, Participación de los consumidores, Política sanitaria, Reforma de la atención a la salud, Liderazgo
Citation
Delgado Gallego ME, Vázquez Navarrete ML, Zapata Bermúdez Y, Hernán García M. Participación social en salud: conceptos de usuarios, líderes comunitarios, gestores y formuladores de políticas en Colombia. Una mirada cualitativa. Rev. Esp. Salud Publica 2005; 79(6):697-707